Chemical and physical filters: how to choose the right sunscreen for you
Natali Profumeria · 1 min read · November 1, 2026
When reading the label of a sunscreen, you often find two terms: chemical (or organic) filters and physical (or mineral) filters. Both protect the skin, but they work differently.
Chemical (organic) filters
These are molecules that absorb ultraviolet rays and convert them into a small amount of heat. They have lightweight, transparent textures that spread easily and leave no white residue. Sunscreens often combine several of them to provide good protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
Physical (mineral) filters
These are extremely fine mineral powders, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, that stay on the skin's surface and reflect and absorb rays. They are well tolerated, which is why they are often chosen for children and for sensitive or reactive skin. Their traditional drawback is a white cast: modern formulas greatly reduce it, and some are tinted to match skin tones.
Which one to choose
- Sensitive, allergic, or reactive skin: mineral filters are often better tolerated.
- Children: mineral or age-specific formulas are generally recommended.
- Sports, sweating, or daily use on the face under makeup: formulas with organic filters are lighter and invisible.
- Many modern sunscreens combine both types: this choice combines tolerability with a pleasant feel.
Ultimately, the best sunscreen is the one you will actually use and apply in the right amount.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between chemical and physical filters?
Chemical (organic) filters absorb UV rays; physical (mineral, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide) filters stay on the surface and reflect and absorb them. Both provide protection when used in the right amount.
Are mineral filters better for sensitive skin?
Often, yes: they are well tolerated and recommended for reactive skin and children. However, if you have known allergies, it is best to consult your dermatologist.
Why do some sunscreens leave a white cast on the skin?
This is due to the mineral powders in physical filters. Modern formulas greatly reduce this effect, while tinted ones eliminate it entirely.